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Walter Wild, Sebastian R. Schütte, Hans W. Pau, Burkhard Kramp, Tino Just
INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY AS A NON INVASIVE APPLICATION FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC

From 4 examples from the human medicine it is described how the application of IR-thermography can be applied as a non invasive measuring method advantageously for the diagnosis and therapy as well as for the installation of artificial cochlea-implants, screw connection of broken bones, observation of tissue violations by warning shot weapons and the recognition of vessel illnesses of legs and feet.

L. Cristaldi, A. Ferrero, G. Grasso, S. Pinco
METROLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A FATIGUE TEST MACHINE FOR TESTING IMPLANTOLOGICAL AND PROSTHETIC MATERIALS FOR DENTAL APPLICATIONS

A fatigue test equipment is presented for the mechanical characterization of dental implantological and prosthetic materials. An automated control system, based on the digital processing of the feedback signals coming from field sensors, is proposed, in order to perform long-period, non-observed tests in a secure way.
The metrological characterization of the realized equipment is discussed and an automatic compensation of the mechanical errors is proposed.

Du-Yih Tsai, Katsuyuki Kojima
WAVELET COEFFICIENT MAPPING FOR ENHANCEMENT OF CHEST X-RAY IMAGES

An approach to image enhancement of digital chest radiographs is described. The method is to employ various non-linear mapping functions to different scale levels at the transform domain. The mapping functions are used to project a set of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficients to a new set of DWT coefficients. The mapped coefficients are then inverse wavelet transformed. Our preliminary results strongly suggest that the proposed method offers considerably improved enhancement capability over the fast Fourier transform method and the conventional DWT method.

Josef Hanus, Jiri Zahora
MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STENTS

The stents are the medical instruments used in invasive radiology for miniinvasive treatment of stenosis and aneurisms especially in the blood circulation system. Paper describes application of computer controlled device which was specially developed for measurement of mechanical properties of stents and vessels. This device together with the LabView programme enables automatic measurement of strain–stress curves of stents or vessels and in connection with the peristaltic pump can be used for the simulation of behaviour of stent inside the vessel system. All measurements are designed as a contactless and on-line so that the interaction of the measured sample with the probes and the mistakes due to insufficient synchronization of measurements are eliminated.

Artur Przelaskowski
NUMERICAL EQUIVALENT OF ACCURACY AS A MEASURE OF MEDICAL IMAGE QUALITY

The objective of this study is a proposition for a new vector measure of image quality reflecting diagnostic accuracy. The formation of a diagnostic quality pattern (DQP) was based on the subjective ratings of image local features, playing an essential role in the detection and classification of any lesion. The pattern was used for more reliable calculation of a single number - the equivalent of diagnostically related image quality. The equivalent was constructed with a criterion of the highest correlation with approximated diagnostic accuracy of compressed images. Experimental results contain the opinions of 9 radiologists: 2 test designers and 7 observers who rated digital mammograms. The correlation coefficient between the numerical equivalent of the vector measure and subjective rates is over 0.9.

Remo Sala, Alessandro Soluri, Emanuele Zappa
SYNERGIC USE OF X-RAY STEREOTAXIS AND SCINTIGRAPHIC IMAGE TO REDUCE THE POSITIONING UNCERTAINTY OF THE BIOPSY NEEDLE

The present paper describes the advantages of the combined use of morphologic and functional diagnostic images for improving the accuracy in pathology localization. The main goal of the position uncertainty reduction is to carefully select the area of interest for the biopsy.
The paper describes the new diagnostic technique based on the synergic use of morphologic and functional diagnostic images and shows examples images obtained during breast stereotactic biopsy on some patients.

Angelo Bender Corrêa, Maurício N. Frota
METROLOGY RELIABILITY IN THE BRAZILIAN HEALTH SECTOR: A STUDY CASE IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH CARE AND METROLOGICAL CONTROL OF HOSPITAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

The present paper is related to laboratory quality in the Brazilian health care sector in general and to public health services in particular. Its purpose is to contribute to the development of reliable measurement practices in the hospital care section within the scope of at least 4 basic aspects: (i) identification of the available metrology legislation in Brazil which, as a rule, is sparsely organized and is not easily accessible to the enduser/ practitioner, whose bibliographical research reveals an explicit lack of specialized literature; (ii) analysis of the compiled measurement standards and recommendations for the sector; (iii) diagnosis of laboratory quality in Central Public Health Care Laboratories as a means by which to implement an alternative strategy for introducing a quality system in a public health care laboratory based on a new approach that focuses on the quality of the laboratories that comprise the National Network of Official Quality and Health Care Control Laboratories; (iv) diagnosis of instruments that are employed in hospital services in terms of their conformity to measurement standards based on case studies of scales for controlling the mass of neonates, and of biomedical instruments for measuring blood pressure.

Hamilton L. D. dos Santos, Antoine El Mallah, Fabiana R. Leta
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF AXISYMETRIC TISSUE EXPANDER

This paper presents a methodology to measure automatically a membrane expansion over an axisymetric tissue expander. A mechanical model is developed in order to simulate the expansion process. Vision Computer techniques are applied to make the expanded membrane three-dimensional reconstruction. Consequently, it is possible to obtain the main information, which consists in the membrane quantity expanded. This research may support plastic surgeons in select the best expander, according to the necessary amount of tissue required in the surgery process.

Aivo Kuhlberg, Raul Land, Mart Min, Toomas Parve
PWM BASED LOCK-IN BIOIMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT UNIT FOR IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICES

A method for design of the switching mode lock-in bioimpedance measurement unit is proposed. The unit is foreseen to use in implantable medical devices for making medical experiments in vivo. The solution is aimed to lessen the errors caused due to sensitivity of the switching mode lock-in signal converters to the odd higher harmonics of an input signal. The applied method is similar to pulse width modulation (PWM), and it is oriented to achieve minimal complexity and low energy consumption.

Barbara K. Juroszek
SOURCES OF ERRORS IN BIOMEDICAL OBJECT MEASUREMENTS

The article presents measuring errors whose source is medical measuring device of one side and biomedical object of the other side. Medical standard is an important thing. It is called predicted value, where a big error is contained.
Many of these errors are disclosed whereas the other ones are not. Some of them can be avoided or diminished. It is possible when the observer is attentive and experienced.

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