Frank Härtig, Christian Keck, Karin Kniel, Heinrich Schwenke, Franz Wäldele, Klaus Wendt
IMPROVEMENT OF MEASUREMENT ACCURACY BY COMBINED EVALUATION OF CMM AND TRACKING INTERFEROMETER MEASUREMENTS

This paper presents a novel approach to improve the accuracy of coordinate measuring machines (CMM) by integrating a single high precision tracking interferometer (TI) as an additional measurement axis. Improved positions are obtained by a combination of the CMM positions as read from the scales and the distances produced by the TI. Monte-Carlo simulations of length and flatness measurements show that the uncertainties can be reduced considerably by an appropriate configuration. First measurements confirm the results of preliminary simulations.

Hiroshi Watanabe
THEORY OF COARSE-GRAINED INFORMATION

Measurement should be objective in principle. However, the accuracy of measurement often depends on various factors, including instruments of measurement, adopted intentionally or made available accidentally, and from a practical point of view, it is important to choose a suitable degree of the accuracy of measurement for the intention of measurement. The present paper discusses some information-theoretical aspects of the relationship between the degree of the accuracy of nominal description of objects and the interdependence among groups of those objects within a formal framework of clustering, where a new entropic measure of interdependence is applied to estimate the change of the interdependence when the nominal description becomes more `coarse’ so that several objects appear to be identical, and are grouped into the same class. The degree of interdependence is often measured by (sum of entropies of partial systems) - (entropy of the whole). Close examination shows, however, that instead of simple formal entropy we should take rather (the number of the members of a group) × (entropy of the group). The result also implies that in integration of information channels the average entropy plays an important role. A brief discussion is also made on elicitation of so-called information granules.

Shaomin Zhou, Jouko Halttunen
CONSITENCY PROFILE MEASUREMENT IN PULP BASED ON ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY

This paper describes a low cost system to measure the consistency profile of pulp based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT). A 16-electrode sensor is applied to acquire the cross-sectional data. Data acquisition is controlled by a single-chip computer, which receives commands from host computer, initializes hardware, acquires data and sends them to host computer via a serial port. All the measurement parameters such as the amplitude and frequency of the injected current can be set by software in host computer. The consistency profile image is reconstructed by modified Newton-Raphson algorithm. Comparing to conventional method, it is non-invasive and low cost.

Blaz Santic
NEW EVALUATING METHOD FOR TESTING OF SIMPLE GEOMETRY AND WORK PIECES

The paper describes a new approach based on Chebyshev method, which is stabilized by an arbitrary small weighing of least-squares principle in order to permit the reliable and repeatable examination of the best fit geometric elements in a simple and very complex geometry. Field of application of new method is geometry quality control in automotive and machinery building industry, in plastic forming etc. The method can be also used for further investigations of margin and stability conditions of Chebyshev method.

Zobeida Cisneros, Ivan Apolo, Teresa Vera, Leo Van Biesen, Tesfa Ghebreegziabeber, Ma. del Pilar Cornejo, Francisco Torres
INVENTORY INTO A DIGITAL LIBRARY OF THE COMPLETED STUDIES TO ASSES THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GULF OF GUAYAQUIL BASED ON THE PERFORMING INFORMATION UTILIZING ELECTRONIC CHARTING AND DISPLAY SYSTEMS A

The university institution plays an important role as generator and bank of information through research (starting with thesis works), human and technological resources, while keeping up-to-date with the demands of the community on the formation of professionals. It is the commitment of the authors and the whole of the research team to elaborate, with all the means available at the academic institutions they belong to, this Geographic Information System to accomplish the goal of providing the stakeholders in the Gulf of Guayaquil (GG), Ecuador, objective means for decision-making. The methodology applied to build up digital thematic information useful for management of the ecosystem of the Gulf of Guayaquil consists of:
1. Set-up an Electronic Charting and Display System - ECDIS with the database inventory and the digital cartography available;
2. Select out of the databank that information that is competent and constitute with it a geographic database suitable for the identification of regions in the gulf;
3. Work out spatial relationships with the output of that selection to characterize the gulf in terms of spatial and temporal driving factors;
4. Produce presentation maps synthesizing the results of the analysis. Several of the maps realised are discussed, which show the analysis performed on the variables that describe natural and man-driven activities in the GG. For instance, at the base of an Internet-accessible alert system lies information on production and management of shrimp farms in the region, summarised in an index that is used to map the variation between the monthly performance and the historical one. A second example shows rather a lesser abstraction of the information, and shows layers describing the natural set-up regarding the hydro-dynamics of the inner estuary, which would be a second building block toward the integrated vision on how to manage the ecosystem in view of the economic interests, and also the sustainability ones.