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Takashi Moriyama, Shunsuke Fujiwara
CHLORIDE FILM SEPARATION IN GARBAGE AGAINST DIOXIN

This system already has Japanese Patent Application 2000-159699 using the blue light absorption and JPA2001-393262 using the thermal impedance for the chloride film detection in the garbage. We, human being have the three big ecological problems. The first is the nuclear waste in the northern part of the Japan Sea, the second is the irregular weather that will be less oxygen caused by carbon fuels and the third is Dioxins caused by the incineration of the chloride film and garbage.
The first and the second will be solved by the investment and stopping cars. The third is required for development of a automatic chloride film detector of the treatment for waste garbage plastics that is Sanuki RDF System against Dioxins. The first method is detecting the plastisizer in the chloride films of garbage and is not suitable for heated films by the wicro wave cooker. The plasticizer will go into the cooked food. The second thermal impedance method detects PVDC, PVC, heated PVDC, heated PVC and non chloride films.

Gregor Bobovnik, Jože Kutin, Ivan Bajsic
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT INLET-VELOCITY PROFILES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A CORIOLIS FLOWMETER

Numerical simulations (using finite volume method) of the flow of a viscous fluid through a measuring tube were performed to identify the effects of different inlet-flow conditions on the performance of a straight, slendertube, Coriolis flowmeter. The magnitudes of the antisymmetric fluid forces and the twisting moments acting on the measuring tube were compared with results from a onedimensional fluid-flow model. Simulations were made for some hypothetical inlet-velocity profiles that represent extreme cases of various flowmeters’ installation positions and flow regimes in a pipeline. No significant effects of the modelled inlet-velocity profiles on the performance of the flowmeter were observed.

Eddy Jacques, Pierre Wauters
PITOT-STATIC TUBE OR PITOT TUBE FOR MEASURING FLOW RATES?

Where volume flow rates in ventilation applications are to be measured common practise is to integrate the velocity profile over the entire cross-section. One of the instruments used to carry out the flow velocity traverse is the Pitot-static tube. The paper examines, on an experimental basis, whether the readings of both total and static pressure by a Pitot-static tube could not validly be carried out by a combination of a Pitot tube that measures the total pressure and tappings at the wall of the duct where the static pressure is picked up. The advantage becomes particularly interesting for applications where the flow rate may change in time.

Anton Fuchs, Bernhard Brandstätter, Bernhard Schweighofer, Georg Brasseur
MEASUREMENT OF VELOCITY AND MASS FLOW OF POWDERS

In this paper a cost-effective method for measuring transportation velocity and the velocity profile of a material flow of powdery solids inside a pipe is presented. For the measurement, artificial perturbations are brought into the mass flow and the effects of these perturbations are acquired and correlated at measurement sections. The velocity profile is calculated with the knowledge of the perturbation’s rheological decomposition and the sensitivity distribution of the measurement configuration.

Volker Hans
WHICH PHYSICAL QUANTITY OF TURBULENT STRUCTURES IS MEASURED IN CROSS CORRELATION FLOWMETERS?

Measurements of flow velocity with cross correlation functions of ultrasonic signals show that the travelling time of structures determined by the peak of the functions deviates from the average flow velocity. This difference usually is explained by the difference between line integral of measurement and area integral of the average flow velocity.
A comparison of the frequency distribution of single velocity components in the fluid determined by particle image velocimetry with the cross correlation measuring method shows that the most frequent components in the fluid are in accordance with the travelling time of structures measured by cross correlation. The physical explanation can be given by means of the impulse response.

Christian Filips, Volker H. Hans
INTERACTION BETWEEN ULTRASOUND AND STREAMING FLUID IN VORTEX SHEDDING FLOW METERING

In the past in vortex-shedding flow meters pressure sensors in combination with big bluff bodies have been used. In the last few years the dimension of bluff bodies were reduced using ultrasound sensors due to higher sensibility. The frequency of periodically generated vortices are directly connected to the flow velocity. The signals are modulated in amplitude as well as in phase. The information are in the sidebands of the ultrasonic signal. Different carrier frequencies in combination with different dimensions of bluff bodies are examined.

Józef Gawlik, Andrzej Ryniewicz, Wojciech Zebala
DIAGNOSTICS AND MEASYREMENTS SYSTEMS IN MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

The paper presents the quality control and quality assurance problems during manufacturing. The main components of the proposed system are: automated manufacturing process control and monitoring of multimeasurements block process.

Claudio De Capua, Carmine Landi, Gennaro C. Malafronte
MEASUREMENT OF QUALITY INDEXES IN PROCESS MONITORING: AN ORIGINAL APPROACH TO UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS

In this paper is presented an original approach to the definition of the metrological characteristics of the measurement systems used in process index monitoring. The model proposed allows the evaluation of the probability that the process under statistical control shows a different behaviour from that inferred by the measured data, relating to the input conditions. The proposed model is developed in general hypothesis on the statistic characteristics of the process index monitoring and a typical application cases is presented.

Zoltan Zelenka
UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATE OF COMBINATION OF VERIFIED WEIGHTS

Weights are frequently used in combinations. In most cases it is assumed that weights of the same set have large covariances. The safest approach is to assume that the correlation coefficient is equal to one. However, this may lead to an overestimation of the combined uncertainty. A model can be constructed, based on the calibration/verification method suggested by the OIML (Organisation Internationale de Métrologie Légale), to avoid the unnecessary overestimation of the combined uncertainty. The model suggests that the uncertainty of combinations of weights with the same nominal value can be easily calculated to reduce the combined uncertainty. It also explains that magnitude of the correlation among weights with different nominal values depends on the accuracy class of the weights.

A. S. Ribeiro, J. O. Mimoso, J. A. Sousa, M. P. Castro
UNCERTAINTY RELATED WITH THE USE OF LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS FOR THE CORRECTION OF CALIBRATED INSTRUMENTS

Linear Regression Analysis (LRA) is a technique commonly applied in many different branches of science. The present study investigates the use of LRA in Metrology and aims to develop a mathematical approach to adequately take into account its contribution for the uncertainty budget in a measurement.
In a calibration involving many standards and measuring instruments, the LRA technique is an important tool for the estimation of conventional true values based on certificate results. This statistical treatment usually intends to reduce the errors measured in the calibration process in order to achieve lower residual errors. The operation, however, introduces statistical uncertainties, which can be of significance when compared with the uncertainty contributions from other input quantities.
This document also presents the results of a measurement uncertainty evaluation related to the calibration of a length measuring machine, including the LRA contribution based on the application of the mathematical expression proposed. The relative influence of this contribution is also investigated.

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