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Man-Yong Choi, Su-Un Kim, Jeong-Hak Park, Kee-Hwan Jee, Sung-Woo Shin
CALIBRATION OF DETECTION SYSTEM OF CRACK IN CONCRETE STRUCTURE BY USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

The investigation of concrete structure typically relies on visual inspection which is one of the basic inspection techniques. Image processing techniques play a crucial role in the growing field of automatic surface inspection technique. However, kinds of inspection equipment, environmental condition and detection algorithm have much influence on the reliability of inspection result. This paper proposes a verification method and testing procedure for the reliability of inspection results and surveys characteristics of image acquisition systems and crack inspection algorithms.

Roland Füßl, Gerd Jäger
THE INFLUENCE OF THE FORCE FEED-IN SYSTEM ON HIGH-ACCURACY LOW FORCE MEASUREMENT

Forces are vectorial values which can be detected only by measuring their effects. Thus, a force sensitive element for the conversion into another measurable value is needed. If a force in a definite direction is to be detected, a force feed-in system is necessary. Its task is to separate forces from other directions. In the case of low force measurement the feed-in system has a significant influence on the accuracy of the whole force measuring system. This paper analyses the requirements for the force feed-in system depending on the properties of the force sensitive element. The results are shown for three different force sensor types.

Brüge Andreas, Röske Dirk, Mauersberger Dietmar, Adolf Klaus
INFLUENCE OF CROSS FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS ON REFERENCE TORQUE SENSORS FOR TORQUE WRENCH CALIBRATION

Effects of disturbing components on reference torque sensors – transducers and torque wrenches – in torque wrench calibration facilities are discussed. Different mounting conditions during the superior calibration of these sensors and their application in the torque wrench calibration machine induce deviations in the sensitivity and affect the best measurement capability of the machines. With standard sensors and mounting situations, methods for investigating and estimating possible effects of cross forces and bending moments are presented.

Masayuki Fujitsuka, Makoto Yamaguchi, Shigeru Ueno, Genichiro Kamiyama, Shigeo Katayama
APPLICATION OF PSI/SCM MICROSCOPE FOR NANOINDENTATION TESTER

Instrumented indentation test is a simple and effective method for evaluating the mechanical properties such as elasticity/stiffness, hardness and adhesion. Generally it is the method that doesn't have to observe the residual impression and around the indentation area. However, it is necessary to observe the residual impression and surface of test piece to obtain the material behaviour such as pile-up/sink-in, crack. Recently atomic force microscope (AFM) and 3-D scanning electron microscope (3-D SEM) are used as the techniques for measuring the residual impression and surface of test piece in the three-dimensions. Especially, AFM is used mainly, however, it is necessary to correct shape in the point of cantilever in measuring procedure. And also, measuring them by AFM precisely, the vacuum atmosphere and clean environment and so on are needed. As for 3-D SEM, it is similar.
In this paper, authors focused the phase shifting interferometer (PSI)/ scanning confocal microscope (SCM) combined optical system for nanoindentation tester to observe the residual impression and the surface of the test piece. The utility of this optical system is confirmed, and the nanoindentation tester that is able to be the three-dimensional shape observation is developed. This tester is able to observe the three-dimensional shape easy and quick in complete noncontact and measuring in various environmental conditions. The observation data of residual impression and the surface of the test piece are obtained at the nano-meter order.

Pingyu Zhu, Jan Peter Hessling, Rongrong Wan
DYNAMIC CALIBRATION OF A BUS

In this study we present a dynamic calibration of an automobile bus. The characterization consists of measuring the vertical acceleration signals during passage over a short bump. Non-parametric identification is then adopted to determine digital 'vehicle' filters, which mimics the dynamic behavior of the bus. Such filters are required for performing our earlier presented synthesis and analysis of speed limiting road humps. The combination of these methods provides a complete set of unprecedented tools for analyzing existing humps, as well as finding their optimal profile.

Adam W. Cichy
A SIMPLE, VIRTUAL PHASE SHIFT METER

Phase shift measurements are nowadays typically made in programmed measurement systems. Many of them are realized as virtual instruments, so called VI’s. There are many algorithmic methods of phase shift measurements described in the literature, but sometimes these methods are complicated. In this paper an idea of a simple method of phase shift measurement has been presented. The method uses derivatives of measurement signals and inverse trigonometric functions. A simple function allows calculating of the measured phase shift. The method has been implemented as a virtual instrument using the LabVIEW packet. The implementation is very simple and the virtual instrument can become a part of a more complicated measurement instrument. The inaccuracy of the phase shift measurement is maximal 3 deg. It is not very accurate instrument, but in some applications the accuracy can be accepted.

Angela Varadine Szarka
DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE CONTROLLED VIRTUAL LABORATORY

Nowadays the remote controlled industrial systems has more and more importance. Use of the internet has become general and the Ethernet cabling has been entirely spread in the industry. This paper presents the possibilities provided by the Ethernet in the measurement technology, through simple examples. The virtual laboratory is developed to introduce users into the use of most sophisticated remote controlled measurement systems The laboratory includes two parts: one is built on Fieldpoint and the other on GPIB basis, both can be used for measuring and control. Software are developed in LabVIEW. The system is used mostly in engineering education although it is suitable for presentation of the virtual technology to any Internet user interested in the subject.

Jan Peter Hessling, Anders Mannikoff
DYNAMIC MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY OF HV VOLTAGE DIVIDERS

Recently we proposed an approach based on digital filtering for evaluating dynamic non-stationary contributions to the measurement uncertainty. A dynamic simulator instead of a digital filter bank is here utilized for deriving the dynamic measurement uncertainty of mixed capacitive voltage dividers. These are used for lightning impulse measurements, during a calibration measurement of a standard lightning impulse.

Kazuhiro Enami, Tatuya Kume, Yasuo Higashi, Kenji Ueno
3D MEASUREMENT OF INNER SHAPE OF A CAVITIY

We strive to develop a 3D coordinate measuring machine, which can measure the inner shape of a cavity with a complex shape. Currently, the ILC (International Linear Collider) project is progressing through international collaboration. The major goal of ILC is to produce and investigate Higgs bosons. ILC consists of two linear accelerators facing each other, and will hurl some 10 billion electrons and positrons toward each other at nearly the speed of light. The cavity is an important component to accelerate particles to near light speed. A cavity’s inner 3D shape influences the accelerating performance. Therefore, it is important to measure the inner 3D shape of a cavity. However, it is difficult to measure the inner shape of cavities with complex shapes like a bellows. We are developing a highly accurate, inner shape measuring machine using triangulation and a measuring method.

Kimmo Konkarikoski, Risto Ritala
ELEMENTS OF STATISTICAL DECISION MAKING

Measurements are the key to rational decision making. Measurement information generates value, when it is applied in the decision making. Normative decision making considers all decision tasks as optimization problems, typically with multiple objectives and uncertainties. Therefore in normative decision making the decision task must first be formulated mathematically and then the resulting optimization problem is solved. This paper considers the elements of decision making under uncertainty based on statistical decision theory.

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