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Umberto Pogliano
CHOICE OF THE MEAUREMENT POINTS FOR A CALIBRATION IN A RANGE

Calibration of instruments like modern programmable instruments is generally made in specific points within each range, even if the desired result is the general calibration of the instruments. This paper is considering the problem of how many points are needed for a correct calibration of a range, and, by means of a statistical approach, the method propose evaluates a confidence interval where the difference between the measured and the calibrated can be confined with an assigned probability.

Satu Kärki, Miika Kiiski, Matti Mäntysalo, Jukka Lekkala
A PVDF SENSOR WITH PRINTED ELECTRODES FOR NORMAL AND SHEAR STRESS MEASUREMENTS ON SOLE

We have tested a method of printing electrodes on the unmetalled polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) material to construct a matrix version of a sensor for normal and shear stress measurements on sole. A commercial PVDF material with silver ink metallization has previously been used to manufacture a single sensor prototype. With the metal-coated PVDF material, a matrix sensor is challenging to construct; the metallization should be removed from the certain areas of the material to form an electrode grid pattern or a number of identical separate sensors should be cut off from the material sheet. Hence, a new method is explored here. The sensor is manufactured from unmetalled PVDF material and an array of electrodes with desired size and shape is printed on the material surface. This study concentrates on the characteristics of single sensors manufactured with this method. Based on the results, the sensitivity seems to be decreased due to the thermal stress caused by the electrode printing process. In the normal force direction the sensor sensitivity was found to be about fifth and in shear force directions about tenth of the corresponding values measured with the sensor with commercial electrodes. The sensitivity in this case, however, is still adequate for stress measurements on sole.

Takao Sugimoto, Yohsuke Yoshida, I. Yoshida
ESTIMATION METHOD FOR CONSUMPTION ENERGY FOR HUMANS IN DAILY CYCLE

Estimation method of consumption energy for human daily cycle was studied using triple axes attached on the sternum. It is important to estimate the posture and movement in order to get reliable values of consumption of energy. Consumption of energy for various postures and movements was obtained in relation to consumption of oxygen during respiration. In our 24 hour daily cycle, the most common postures and movements are walking, running, standing still, standing with a little movement, sitting still, reclining, and sleeping. And consumption of energy for our living depends on the type of movement. Consumption of energy for human movement is varied, but appropriate data could be obtained by accelerometer to estimate consumption of energy. Additionally, type of movement and consumption of energy could be shown to have a correlation.

Filippo Attivissimo, Andrea Cataldo, Laura Fabbiano, Nicola Giaquinto
TYPE A EVALUATION OF UNCERTAINTY DUE TO SYSTEMATIC EFFECTS IN DIGITAL OSCILLOSCOPES

The paper presents a type A (experimental) evaluation of the uncertainty due to systematic effects. After a brief discussion about the general problem of choosing a proper mathematical representation for systematic effects in the context of uncertainty evaluation, a pragmatic approach, based on the familiar random variable theory and the ISO 5725 norm is proposed. The approach is called "inter-instrument experiment", on the analogy of the "inter-laboratory experiment" of the ISO 5725. Preliminary experimental results, relevant to commercial digital oscilloscopes, are presented and discussed.

Giuseppe Cavone, Laura Fabbiano, Nicola Giaquinto
CLOSED-FORM EQUATIONS TO DESIGN SINGLE SAMPLING PLANS FOR ISOLATED LOTS

In this paper, the problem of designing simple sampling plans by attributes for isolated lots is considered. The customary design procedure is based on numerical tables like those reported in the ISO 2859 norm, or on iterative algorithms implemented in a computer software, not suitable for inclusion in a norm. The paper proposes a procedure based on quite simple closed-form equations, yielding the required sample size and the acceptance number for any consistent set of specifications on the operating characteristic, in terms of AQL, RQL, PR, CR. The equations are derived using a Gaussian approximation of the hypergeometric distribution. It is shown that the proposed design procedure, besides being very simple, is accurate (i.e. the specification are accurately met) and universal (i.e. the method is valid for a wide range of specifications).

Zbigniew Czaja, Michal Kowalewski
AN APPLICATION OF TCRBF NEURAL NETWORK IN MULTI-NODE FAULT DIAGNOSIS METHOD

This paper presents the new self-testing method for diagnosis of analog parts in mixed-signal embedded systems controlled by microcontrollers. The tested analog part is stimulated by a sinus-wave supplied by the onboard generator and its responses are sampled in selected nodes by microcontrollers ADC. The measurement space is represented by differences between values of selected node voltages. Fault detection and localization is performed by a Two-Center Radial Basis Function (TCRBF) Neural Network. The diagnosis procedure was implemented and simulated in a PC.

Unhauzer Attila
DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL FLICKER METER AND SPECIFICATION OF DISTURBANCE PROPAGATION DIRECTION

The number of the non-linear equipments connected to the electrical energy distribution system is rising continuously. These equipments generate harmonic currents and voltages in the network impedances and they are added to the base signal deforming the value and the shape of the main voltage. The distorted voltage increases electrical strain and temperature load of the equipment (engines, transformers, capacitors, links, and cables) connected to the network. Moreover the operation of certain equipments connected to the electrical networks can be disturbed due to distorted voltage caused by noise generation.
These days the appearance of disturbance effects has greater and greater significance since entirely new regulations, standards and requirements of the EU have been emerged. On one hand the mentioned standards extend to the measurement methods of electrical networks and on the other hand to the limits of the most important electrical parameters as well. Consequently, it is apparent that more and more modern measurement methods and procedures are regulated which influence indirectly the human health and the continuity of industrial operations.

Richárd Bátorfi
ELECTRICAL POWER QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM

Today and in the future electrical energy is a significant energy source in all area of life therefore its quality and consumption has more and more importance in practical and also scientific means. Latest standards for power analysing demand high data acquisition rate and strict acquisition rules which can only be achieved with advanced measurement equipments. Using these equipment and "state of the arts" computers we created a complex flexible measurement system for diagnostic electrical power according to IEC standards. We have already used our system at different kind of power networks to characterize quality of the energy and efficiency of its consumption.

Argiris Theopoulos, Anthi Papadopoulou, Theodora Tika, Theodoros Laopoulos
AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR MEASUREMENT OF SHEAR WAVES VELOCITY IN SOIL

An automated measurement system which aims to improving the method of "Bender Elements" for measurements of soil specimen characteristics is presented in this work. This is a well-known method for the estimation of the propagating velocity of shear waves in soil by measuring the travelling time of these waves. The system developed offers an automated acquisition and signal analysis tool which includes appropriate filtering of the incoming signal, automated identification of certain characteristics of the incoming waveform, automated measurement of the flight time of the signal, and calculation of other parameters in the soil specimen. Full range recording for all data and parameters of measurements, and measuring flexibility by using a wide set of initial parameters is also featured by this tool.

Hideo Furuhashi, Javier Valle Mayorga, Yoshiyuki Uchida, Akihiro Kono
PHASE MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL WAVEFRONT BY AN SLM DIFFERENTIATION FILTER

A system is proposed that employs a spatial light modulator as a differentiation filter to measure the phase of an optical wavefront. The pattern, position and orientation of the filter can be controlled electrically. This system measures the phase derivative of a wavefront that passes through a transparent phase object. The 3D shape of the object can be calculated by integrating the phase derivative.

Page 744 of 977 Results 7431 - 7440 of 9762