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C. Simões, A. Ribeiro, M. Almeida, D. Covas
Analysis of flow rate measurement accuracy and traceability of flowmeters in field conditions using clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters

This study examines the traceability and measurement uncertainty of in situ hydraulic calibration using clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters as a reference. The procedure compares the equipment readings with the reference ones. Measurement uncertainty evaluation uses GUM formulation, considering the linearity conditions of the mathematical models applied. Experimental values are used to test the procedure and its suitability for actual cases where the expected accuracy needs to be achieved.

G. Esteves Coelho, A. Pinheiro, A. Silva Ribeiro, C. Simões, L. Martins
Development of open-source tools for the digital and machine-readable calibration of flowmeters with numerical displays

This paper presents a methodology for obtaining digital machine-readable measurements from numerical displays images. The proposed method provides means to automate and digitalize a previously manual and labour-intensive laboratory procedure for flowmeters calibration. The proposed method allows to obtain machine- readable readings from remote numerical displays with available-off-the-shelf hardware and open- source software. By using smartphones for remote image capture and streaming and the Tesseract open-source OCR engine, is possible to leverage the infrastructure’s digital transition, improve procedures efficiency and effectiveness while promoting sustainable actions with cost reductions.

L. Martins, A. Ribeiro, C. Simões, A. Pais, R. Mendes
Experimental determination of absolute roughness of concrete conducts in a water supply network

This paper describes the experimental determination of the absolute roughness of concrete conducts in a pressurized water supply network related to agricultural irrigation. Based on the Colebrooke-White equation and using a Monte Carlo method, the following estimates and 95 % expanded measurement uncertainties were obtained for a circular concrete conduct with an inner diameter of 1,2 m: 0,060 mm ± 0,055 mm and 0,021 mm ± 0,024 mm, for a water flow Reynolds number, comprised between 1,7·105 and 5,1·105, respectively. The output probability distribution showed a non-symmetrical shape, and the volumetric flow and pressure drop measurements were identified as the main contributions to the obtained dispersion of roughness values.

M. Di Luzio, L. Bergamaschi, R. Jacimovic, G. D’Agostino
Characterization of electronic waste materials by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis for Certified Reference Material production

Recycling of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment provides an accessible source to gather Technology Critical Elements which are in constant need. The main metrological challenge consists in the lack of Certified Reference Materials for this kind of matrices impeding to perform SI traceable and reliable analytical measurements on those heterogeneous materials. This work describes the adoption of relative- and k0-standardization of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis to quantify some of the Technology Critical Elements for certification in two Reference Material candidates.

R. J. Hanisch, J. Fedchak, C. Cooksey, K. Delak, S. Choquette, W. D. Camara, K. Rimmer, I. Dominguez Mendoza
The digital NIST: steps toward the digital transformation of NIST’s measurement services

Beginning in 2022, NIST began a project called The Digital NIST which aims to make our measurement services - calibrations, standard reference materials, standard reference data - fully digital and fully FAIR. We reported on this work previously but provide here an update on further progress and prospects for future developments.

G. Söylev Öktem, S. Hackel, B. Gloger, J. Loewe, S. Schönhals
Validation methods in the preparation of XML-based Digital Calibration Certificates (DCCs)

Calibration certificates are the heart of metrological quality infrastructure and a central element of traceability of measurements. The Digital Calibration Certificate (DCC) is an endeavor to digitalize calibration certificates, developed coordinated by the PTB with the contributions of national and international partners. The DCC is implemented in XML format, and an XSD Schema is developed and maintained by PTB. The DCC schema allows validating the DCCs. Schematron is a schema language which is used to write logical rules for XML files. The PTB’s DCC team has prepared a Schematron validation tool with open-source resources.

Giosue Caliano, Francesca Mariani, Alessandro Salvini
A portable and autonomous system for the diagnosis of the structural health of cultural heritage (PICUS)

An innovative system has been developed, named PICUS (the woodpecker in Latin), and inspired by the auscultation method carried out by the experts in the field of conservation of cultural heritage. This device gently knocking the surface, controlling, acquiring and measuring some relevant parameters. In a nutshell, it performs an analysis similar to that carried out by a professional who performs a routine examination on the detachments by hand. The experimental apparatus consists of a probe made of an electromechanical percussion element that gently taps the surface producing a sound, an accelerometer to measure the impact force, and a microphone, all connected with an Arduino-like low cost board, to record and elaborate the sounds and the force sensor signal. The probe XY position on the scene is recognized using a low-cost IR camera positioned in the probe and an IR light-emitting diode opportunely positioned outside.

Maria Alberghina, Michela Ricca, Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo, Mauro Francesco La Russa
Knowledge and decay assessment to manage a restoration plan and to define a valorisation program for a sustainable CH conservation: the experience of the ADELE-RS project

The Adele-RS Project, funded by the Erasmus+ Programme (measure VETKA2020), develops a homogeneous solution, called the Adele-RS System, which integrates the most advanced technologies for e-Learning with the most transversal ones aimed at e-Work. To this transversal objective, the Project adds a more specific goal that applies the Adele-RS System to the specialization of a particular and interesting target of users: the graduates in the Restoration, Conservation and Valorisation of Cultural Heritage in order to fill the gap in knowledge and sectoral skills when students leaving university in relation to the needs of the field, so as to consolidate their employability, also in the transnational and international dimension. Erasmus+ supports the priorities and activities set out in the European Education Area, the Digital Education Action Plan, and the Adele-RS Project is aimed to apply these objectives in Restoration Project Management and in Valorisation on Cultural Heritage field.

Natalia Rovella, Michela Ricca, David Berikashvili, Maria Pia Albanese, Mauro Francesco La Russa
Metallurgical technology of coins from Samshvilde fortress (South Georgia, Caucasus)

Samshvilde represents one of the most representative Georgian archaeological sites thanks to its complex history that began in the Neolithic times and ended in the 18th cent. The area has been always considered an important crossroads for its geographical position, and, for this, rich in different kinds of artefacts from pottery, obsidian objects, bronze coins to other furnishings. This variety testifies to the progress of the different civilizations over time in terms of culture, lifestyle, and technological skills. In the paper, two bronze coins were investigated to determine the main technological process used in the area during the Medieval Age and to increase the knowledge of metallurgical manufacture in the South Caucasus region that is still partly to be discovered.

Valeria Comite, Andrea Bergomi, Paola Fermo, Carlo Castellano, Mattia Borelli, Chiara Andrea Lombardi, Matteo Formenti, Cecilia Cavaterra, Cristina Della Pina
Study of the catalytic action of heavy metals to understand the phenomenon of sulphation and the formation of black crusts

The degradation of cultural assets exposed in out-of-door environments is a continuous and irreversible phenomenon that is largely accelerated by anthropogenic pollution. Various phenomena of degradation can develop on stone surfaces among which one of the most important is the formation of black crusts that are created in areas protected from runoff. The development of these degradation patinas is very complex and understanding their genesis could be fundamental in preventing the decay of monuments. This research shows the results of a second exposure campaign in accelerated ageing chambers in order to understand the role of catalysts that trigger the sulphation process and the formation of black crusts. This study was developed by analyzing samples of Carrara marble treated with metal cation solutions and PM 2.5 that were exposed for three weeks in corrosion and irradiation chambers.

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