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Page 13 of 939 Results 121 - 130 of 9382

Giovanni Gugliandolo, Alessio Altadonna, Adriana Arena, Marina Arena, Luigi Calabrese, Giuseppe Campobello, Giovanni Crupi, Daniela Iannazzo, Francesca Passalacqua, Fabio Todesco, Maria Gabriella Xibilia, Nicola Donato
Microwave transducers for moisture content characterization of cultural heritage materials

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and test of a microwave transducer aimed at monitoring the moisture content in cultural heritage materials, which is a critical factor in the preservation of historic structures. Following the principle of preventive restoration, the proposed sensor ensures non-invasive and contactless measurements, which are features highly desired for monitoring fragile and valuable structures. The proposed two-port device operates in the frequency range from 2.25 GHz to 2.40 GHz and is fabricated on a 1.6-mm-thick FR4 substrate using the versatile inkjet-printing technology. Samples, specially prepared for this research activity, are employed to test and characterize the response of the proposed sensor. The achieved findings show that the microwave transducer offers reliable and nondestructive moisture content evaluation, thus proving valuable insight for the preservation of cultural heritage materials.

Flavia Bartoli, Zohreh Hosseini, Alma Kumbaric, Giulia Caneva
Long-lasting methods to prevent biodeterioration of stone monuments: New silica nanosystem coupled to natural biocide

The phenomenon of biodeterioration of stone materials is particularly relevant when the environmental conditions, the supply of nutrients, and the edaphic conditions (bioreceptivity) favor biological growth (Caneva et al. 2008; Cutler & Viles 2010; Miller et al. 2012). Different treatment methods, such as UV, laser cleaning, microwaves, and heat shock treatments (HSTs) (Tretiach et al. 2012; Mascalchi et al. 2015; Caneva & Tescari 2017; Fidanza & Caneva 2019), such as several biocidal substances have been used in combination with prevention strategies.

Ahmad Badr Aldin Fattal, Rami Al-Ruzouq, Eslam Nofal
The Role of Photogrammetry in the Conservation Management of Al Mahatta Museum, Sharjah, UAE

The conservation management of cultural heritage sites is essential for preserving their historical significance, in which documentation plays a crucial role. Photogrammetry is commonly used in documenting cultural heritage assets, which is a technique that utilizes 2D images to create accurate 3D Models of sites or artifacts. Advancements in open-source software and affordable cameras have made photogrammetry an ideal tool for documenting and visualizing cultural heritage properties compared to other complicated and expensive tools (e.g., 3D laser scanning). This paper explores the role of photogrammetry in the conservation management of Al Mahatta Museum in Sharjah, UAE. The study reviewed related work and investigated how photogrammetry early results can be used as a monitoring tool to identify material deteriorations, enhance the accessibility of information, and facilitate collaboration among different stakeholders. The methodology involved capturing thousands of stereo-pair images, to build a 3D model and ortho-mosaic images. The results demonstrate the potential use of early results of photogrammetry in conservation management. Limitations, such as large data processing, camera resolution, and altitude challenges are also discussed with considerations of improvement.

Rym Bouhamed
Morphological Analysis of the Kheireddine Palace converted into the Museum of Tunis City

This article examines the spatial configuration of the Tunis City Museum through the use of both spatial syntax theory and Wayfinding method. In fact, field observations confirmed that the spatial morphology of the museum presents a smooth and coherent path, allowing users to navigate easily throughout the entire space. Despite similar findings about the museum morphology through concrete collected data, we presume that it is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions. Indeed, it would be more significant to consider other criteria to determine whether the space can be deemed successful and whether it has met the challenge of preserving our architectural heritage. Nevertheless, the ICOM Charter emphasizes the importance of conservation in a museum context. Currently, the museum functions as an art gallery. Thus, this conversion can be seen as a partial success, while offering a high level of spatial quality for a fluent cultural visit.

Lena Bassel, Alessandro Migliori, Roman Padilla Alvarez, Aliz Simon
IAEA fosters the development and applications of accelerator-based analytical techniques for Heritage Science

IAEA Physics Section is strongly involved in the development and utilization of accelerator-based analytical techniques, which are powerful tools for the characterization of cultural and natural heritage objects and materials. Various activities are carried out with the purpose to build capacity, strengthen capabilities, transfer knowledge and foster networking in the field of heritage science. In addition, access to different XRF spectrometers and other analytical techniques is provided at the Nuclear Spectrometry and Instrumentation Laboratory, and access to ion beam accelerators and synchrotrons is facilitated thanks to collaborations with Ruđer Bošković Institute (RBI) in Croatia and the Elettra Sincrotrone facility in Italy. Member States are also supported on their Research and Development programs, as well as through the technical cooperation projects. This paper aims to provide a broad overview about how the IAEA Physics Section is engaged in the field of Heritage Science.

Manuel Greco, Fabio Leccese, Emilio Giovenale, Luca Senni, Andrea Taschin, Andrea Doria
A THz Scanner to Detect Moisture on Wood Samples

In recent years, the use of terahertz techniques in the field of cultural heritage has increased significantly. Due to the low energy of the THz photon, these techniques are non-destructive, non-invasive and non-ionising.
Moreover, terahertz radiation is sensitive to water, so it could be used in the field of cultural heritage to detect water seepage underneath mosaics and frescoes, thus avoiding the formation of salts that would inevitably lead to the detachment of both mosaic tesserae and portions of frescoes. Furthermore, unlike IR reflectography, a technique capable of detecting the presence of underdrawings, THz imaging and spectroscopy techniques are able to have a greater penetration into matter, thus enabling additional information about the artwork to be obtained.
The objective of this study is to detect moisture in a pine wood sample using a 97 GHz terahertz imaging system.

Haolian Shi, Leor Jacobi, Alexandre Locquet, David Citrin
Terahertz Identification of Characters Written in Iron-Gall Ink on Stacked Paper

Iron-gall ink has been widely used ink in the production of documents and artworks since the fifth century C.E. Terahertz imaging is used to read characters written in such ink on stacked sheets of paper. Several contrast mechanisms including maximum/minimum of the reflected terahertz signal, signature frequency, Gaussian mixture model, and short-time Fourier transform are tested to compare the image quality of the buried text. The results show that the short-time Fourier transform mechanism outperforms other contrast mechanism and has the ability to extract clear images of buried text within paper stacks.

Candida Moffa, Fernando Jr. Piamonte Magboo, Alessandro Curcio, Luigi Palumbo, Anna Candida Felici, Massimo Petrarca
Investigation of natural and synthetic pigments: terahertz continuous-waves spectroscopy (THz-CW) as a reliable high-resolution approach applied to the Cultural Heritage field

In this work, the optical properties of historically produced synthetic and natural pigments were obtained by exploiting a coherent terahertz continuous wave (THz-CW) spectroscopic system in transmission mode. In particular, these pigments were investigated for the first time in the THz spectral region within (0.1-3) THz and in a non-invasive way by a portable experimental set-up. The materials investigated in this study showed different absorption features that allowed to identify their spectral fingerprints. The results demonstrated the possibility to discriminate between molecular structures belonging to the same chemical and mineralogical class, and to distinguish synthetic pigments from natural ones thus proving that THz-CW spectroscopy can represent an innovative approach for the Cultural Heritage field.

Danae Antunez Vazquez, Laura Pilozzi, Eugenio Del Re, Claudio Conti, Silvia Sotgiu, Federica Delia, Mauro Missori
Terahertz imaging super-resolution for documental heritage

THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and pulsed imaging have been demonstrated to be able to provide a non-invasive examination of cultural heritage materials. However, the spatial resolution of THz pulsed imaging is of the order of 1 mm for THz waves, a value that is often not sufficient for the examination of small details on written heritage. This paper will focus on the development of a far-field super-resolution THz imaging system based on a freestanding knife edge and a reflective confocal configuration for the THz beam line. This system has been designed for the recognition of inks, pigments, and dyes used in graphic signs and for the detection of texts buried beneath graphical layers. To optimize the set-up preliminary experiments were realized by imaging the diffraction pattern of a slit, where the freestanding knife set-up showed an improved resolution. After, a reflective set-up was realized and tested on paper samples with graphite patterns. Results demonstrated the super-resolution of THz imaging by showing written features separated by less than the wavelength used. The future direction will be the application of the set-up to real ancient documents for their diagnostics.

Min Zhai, Alexandre Locquet, Cesar Carreras Monfort, D. S. Citrin, Haolian Shi
Characterization of Roman Amphora Sherds Using Terahertz Time-of-Flight Tomography

Amphorae were pottery containers used for bulk-commodity transport in the Roman Empire. They provide direct evidence for the inter-regional and long-distance movement of agricultural products in the Roman Empire. In general, a whitish skin produced by the deposition of calcite and NaCl in the clay, is often present on the outer surface of Roman amphorae produced in regions with salt-bearing clay or when made with salt water. We employ terahertz reflective imaging with sparse deconvolution for the stratigraphic characterization of Roman amphora sherds excavated from Southern Italy, Southern Spain, and Northern Africa. A skin with a thickness between ~30 and 40 µm was found on the exterior of the sherds.

Page 13 of 939 Results 121 - 130 of 9382