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Ester Maria Annunziata, Barbara Bravo, Roald Tagle
Opaque glazed ware from Satrianum archeological site (Basilicata, southern Italy): ceramic bodies and glaze/decoration technologies

The present work is part of a PhD project entitled Archaeometry of ceramic artefacts. Innovative tools and solutions for the knowledge, diagnostics and conservation of ceramic finds from archaeological contexts, concerning the study, the analysis and the application of innovative, effective and sustainable solutions for the knowledge of the archaeological heritage related to ceramic artefacts from medieval archaeological contexts in Basilicata, aimed at the compositional characterization of ceramic bodies and their coatings, including decorative elements when present. Here are reported the results from an archaeometrical investigation carried out on the opaque glazed ware from Satrianum archeological site. Raw materials provenance as well as bodies and glaze/decoration technologies have been investigated by integrating destructive and non-destructive techniques such as micro X-Ray fluorescence and micro Raman spectroscopy, and powder X-Ray diffraction.

Ester Maria Annunziata, Grazia Lubraco, Barbara Bravo, Luca Medici
Archaeometry of Basilicata Graffita ware: provenance and technology

The Graffita ware from the Moliterno Castle showed compositional peculiarities (relative to both ceramic body and glaze-decoration) that give indications on the technologies used for the itsproduction in Basilicata and on the circulation of raw materials. Different technologies seem to have been adopted for the production ofGraffita ware in the diyacrony. There is a Graffita ware characterized by a lead coating with traces of tin, containing abundant quartz and cristobalite, implying firing at high temperatures. The bright green decoration consists of a copper-based pigment with aggregates of cassiterite. The olive-green decoration consists of bivalent and trivalent iron. On the other hand, a Graffita ware with arsenic in the glaze and in the blue pigment has also been identified. The presence of arsenic suggests dating them to early 16th century. Besides, there are evidence that bone dust was intentionally used to make the engobe. A possible nonlocal provenance can be hypothesized for a fragment of Graffita ware from Moliterno Castel.

Vittoria Guglielmi, Valeria Comite, Claudia Asia Pini, Chiara Andrea Lombardi, Maria Bernabò Brea, Alain Beeching, Sara Pescio, Luca Trombino, Paola Fermo
Chemical-physical Analysis on the Stele from the Heated Stone Structures of S. Andrea in Travo (PC): Preliminary Results

In the 1980s, in the locality of S. Andrea a Travo (Piacenza), a Neolithic settlement, datable between 4300 and 3800 B.C., was found, which represents one of the most important sites in northern Italy in terms of dwellings and structures. In the area furthest from the river and the houses, there were 23 hearths with burnt stones, which, according to chemical analyses, were used for cooking meat. However, a number of slabs were also found in the hearths with shapes and features that suggest rough anthropomorphic stelae; in particular, the one with dark traces is the main focus of this work. By analysing a fragment of one of the main stelae through electron microscopy coupled with X-ray fluorescence and vibrational spectroscopy, the present study aims to verify the reliable hypothesis that the stelae were decorated with colour, confirming that the culinary function of the hearths was linked to social events, in which the stelae had some ritual and symbolic value.

Leila Es Sebar, Leonardo Iannucci, Sabrina Grassini, Emma Angelini, Rivka Rabinovich, Anne Bridault, Hamoudi Khalaily, François R. Valla, Yuval Goren
Raman and micromorphological characterization of carbonates in plaster-like materials from the Natufian site of Eynan (Ain Mallaha), Israel

The archaeological site of Eynan, located by the spring of Ain Mallaha and on the shores of Lake Hula in the Upper Jordan Valley, Israel, existed for several millennia at the end of the Pleistocene. During the Natufian culture of the Levantine Epipalaeolithic, the site was one of the largest known occupations in the Levant for some millennia (ca. 14,300 -11,900 cal BP). Remains of Natufian architecture were found, together with evidence of early experimenting with pyrotechnology for the creation of lime plaster. Several features were identified during the excavations as assumed lime plaster installations. Samples investigated by micromorphology methods under the polarizing microscope revealed that while all were composed of calcium carbonate, and some indeed represent anthropogenic burnt lime products, others reflected the results of post-depositional or contemporaneous natural processes rather than technological products. The study of the samples at a molecular level through Raman spectroscopy enables a new methodology for the quick distinction between the features observed by micromorphology.

Armando Taliano Grasso, Salvatore Medaglia, Raffaella De Luca, Sasha Carinola, Domenico Miriello
Archaeometric investigations on Roman stamped tiles and bricks from the Cariati territory (Calabria, Southern Italy)

The present work shows the preliminary results of an archaeometric study involving a group of tiles and bricks dated back to the late 3rd-1st century BC, found in the archaeological site of Scala Coeli, Terravecchia and Cariati, in the province of Cosenza (Calabria, Southern Italy). The materials were analyzed by Optical microscopy, X-ray Powder Diffraction and Energy Dispersion Microanalysis by Scanning Electron Microscope, to identify the composition of the samples, the area of extraction of the raw materials and the technological aspects related to the processing of the clay. The comparison between the chemical composition of the samples with the clay and the sand coming from quarries of the Cariati area confirms that most of the tiles were locally produced using raw materials from natural Pliocene outcrops.

Andrea Smeriglio, Maria Caterina Crocco, Raffaele Filosa, Vincenzo Formoso, Andrea Solano, Riccardo Cristoforo Barberi, Maria Cerzoso, Raffaele Giuseppe Agostino
Roman coins from the “Brettii and Enotri” museum: a non-destructive archaeometric study by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray microtomography

Two of a group of thirty coins dating between to 1st century BC and 1st century AD, found in the so-called Grotta delle Ninfe near Cerchiara di Calabria (Calabria, Italy), and preserved in the display case of the Brettii and Enotri Museum in Cosenza (Calabria, Italy) have been under archaeometric investigation. This paper aims to understand the oxidation processes, know constituent material and find hidden signs or inscriptions on the coins by means of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) portable spectrometer and X-ray microtomography (X-ray u-CT) in order to make the hypothetical inscriptions readable, to know the period of manufacture and their provenance. The coins collection will be analysed in future research to make the inscriptions readable and identify the coins' provenience and typology.

Genea Girimonte, Alessandra Pecci, Dario Bernal-Casasola, Daniele Malfitana, José J. Díaz, Antonio Mazzaglia, Paul Reynolds, Domenico Miriello
Preliminary study for the characterization of Roman plasters from the cetariae in Porto Palo (Sicily)

This investigation concerns the characterization of plasters samples taken from archaeological vats from production installations for fish by-products from the archaeological site of Portopalo in Sicily (Italy). The main purpose of this work is to characterize the plasters in order to understand if specific plasters production technologies were used in relation to the function of the vats and if there is a change in time/space among the vats studied that apparently belonged to different phases of occupation of the site. The compositional characterization of the distinct types of materials used, necessary for the plasters production, required a multi-analytical approach [1-2-3-4], which included techniques such as optical microscopy with transmitted polarized light (OM); Xray diffractometry (XRD); scanning electron microscopy coupled with microanalysis (SEM-EDS); ion chromatography (CI). The first preliminary elaboration allows to suggest the presence of two distinct hydraulicizing materials used and a different content of salts in the different vats that could be related to a difference in the processing of fish or the duration of use.

Xinyan Wang, Shang Wang, Xiaoyan Sun, Xiao Liu, Hongrui Yan, Xuefeng Ma
Calibration of pulse wave lightning protection component tester and analysis of measuring results

A high precision calibration method, based on extreme value measurement, data storage, fast sampling and the simulation of actual use state, for new-type pulse wave lightning protection component tester was proposed after analyzing working principle and difficulties of measurement. This method replaced the conventional measurement method, reading method and sampling method for constant wave, ensured the accuracy of calibration at the same time, and realized the calibration of constant current, initial operating voltage, DC leakage current and DC breakdown voltage of the tester. This method met the requirements of accurate measurement of fast instantaneous signal, and improved the loading mode of traditional measurement by putting the varistor and DC resistor together as the load and simulating the breakdown state with voltage breakdown simulation device. By establishing a measurement model and evaluating the measurement uncertainty, it was concluded that the uncertainty was less than a third of the absolute value of the maximum permit error of the tester.

Marco Coïsson, Javier Diaz De Aguilar Rois, Yolanda Alvarez Sanmamed, Oliver Power, Robert Walsh
Traceability routes for magnetic measurements

Magnetic measurements are vital to support European challenges in areas such as electric vehicles; health; power transformation and harvesting; clean, affordable and secure energy; information and sensor technology. However, only very few European NMIs have the capabilities to perform traceable measurements of all of the most important magnetic quantities. Consequently, the adoption of novel technologies and materials is hindered by the lack of local metrological expertise that research and development activities in academia and industry could exploit. A new European project (TRaMM, 21SCP02), in the framework of the Small Collaborative Projects (SCP) call 2021, aims at transferring the expertise of INRIM (Italy) in the field of magnetic calibration and measurements to CEM (Spain) and NSAI (Ireland), thus addressing market and stakeholder requirements in the European Union and paving the way toward future smart specialisation concepts at the European level.

Kostiantyn Torokhtii, Andrea Alimenti, Nicola Pompeo, Enrico Silva
Microwave dielectric resonator device concept for surface impedance measurement of rotating sample

The surface impedance of superconductors in function of intense (~ 10 T) static magnetic field at varying orientations with respect to the crystallographic axes is of large interest for both characterization purposes, in view of the material engineering, and from the point of view of devices to be used in fundamental physics experiments. A varying field orientation is customarily obtained with mechanically rotating magnets, whose complexity limits the attainable maximum fields to a few T. Here we propose a special proof of concept design for a measuring cell in which the magnetic field orientation is fixed, while the sample orientation can be changed through its incorporation in a rotating portion of the cell. The main design choices are thus proposed for the measuring cell: a cylindrical dielectric loaded resonator, to be used within the surface perturbation approach for the measurement of the surface impedance of flat samples with typical size 10×10mm2. The main focus in this preliminary work is put on the sensitivity attainable on the surface resistance, i.e. the real part of the surface impedance.

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