Individual metering and submetering for cooling application |
|---|
| C. Aprea, L. Canale, M. Dell’Isola, G. Ficco, A. Maiorino |
- Abstract:
- In 2012 the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) has set mandatory installation of individual metering and submetering systems for accounting thermal energy consumption in buildings where centralized heating/cooling sources are present, when technically feasible and cost efficient. As a consequence, direct thermal energy meters or indirect heat accounting systems have spread widely in residential buildings, for metering and sub-metering in space heating applications. On the other hand, individual metering of thermal energy in space cooling is a difficult task, due to the very different types of cooling systems and to the lack of technical and legal metrology regulation. In this paper possible solutions available for direct metering and submetering of different types of centralized cooling systems are discussed. Indeed, for direct metering application, the cooling fluid flow metering is a particularly crucial issue due to small pipe diameters and different fluid properties. Thus, the authors carried out an experimental comparison between a Coriolis flow-meter and an ultrasonic clamp-on flowmeter in the cooling fluid circuit of a direct expansion system. Tests have been performed at different operative temperature differences between flow and return, showing relative errors within ± 10 %.
- Keywords:
- Thermal energy; Cooling; clamp-on; Heat accounting
- Download:
- IMEKO-TC9-2019-098.pdf
- DOI:
- 10.21014/tc9-2022.098
- Event details
- IMEKO TC:
- TC9
- Event name:
- FLOMEKO 2022
- Title:
19th International Flow Measurement Conference 2022
- Place:
- Chongqing, CHINA
- Time:
- 01 November 2022 - 04 November 2022