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Remigiusz J. Rak, Pawel Pyszlak
THE DESIGN OF A WEB-BASED VIRTUAL LABORATORY – SELECTED PROBLEMS

Virtual Instruments, as well as networked and distributed measurement systems, are the natural tools, which can be used in a modern didactic process for creating virtual laboratories offered by a group of Universities. In the paper the solution of the experimental model of the remote access to the measurement laboratory is presented. The project aims at designing the complete PC-based Virtual Instrument (VI) as a platform for acquisition, processing, presenting and distributing data throughout a global network. Computer network based measurement and automation is dramatically affecting traditional academic research and teaching. It makes researchers more productive, and improves the way students learn.

Bojan Erjavec, Janez Šetina
DESIGN OF HELIUM PERMEATION REFERENCE LEAKS WITH GENERATED FLOWS BELOW 10-14 mol/s

The calibration of helium permeation reference leaks below 10-14 mol/s is presented. The reference leak is based on the known construction with a He reservoir and a permeable glass tube leak element. The leak rate is determined in situ using the rate of pressure rise method. The reference leak is equipped with a small calibration volume containing a miniature Ti-getter pump to reduce the residual pressure rise due to outgassing and a spinning rotor gauge (SRG) to measure the rate of He pressure rise. In vacuum metrology, the SRG has been recognized as a transfer standard due to its inertness, high resolution and excellent long-term stability. The He leak rate ranging from 4,0×10-17 mol/s to 1,0×10-14 mol/s, measured at the reference leak temperature of 23°C, is linearly dependent on the He fill pressure ranging from 4,6 Pa up to 1120 Pa. Multiple He flow measurements in the 10-15 mol/s range show that a measurement uncertainty less than 2% can be achieved.

J.C. Campo, M. A. Pérez, F. J. Ferrero, M. González, J.C. Viera, C. Blanco
LABORATORY COURSE OF ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION BASED ON THE TELEMETRY OF SEVERAL PARAMETERS OF A REMOTE CONTROLLED CAR

A new laboratory course in electronic instrumentation based on the telemetry of the temperature, revolutions per minute and acceleration of a remote controlled car is described in this paper. The main objective of the course is to cover the disciplines involved in Instrumentation, that is, sensor use, analog and digital design, microcontrollers, data acquisition and software, within a framework that provides highly motivating work.

Artur Cardoso, Aurélio Campilho
LEARNING THE BASICS OF ANALOGUE-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION - AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

This paper describes a set of computer-based experiments, based in LabVIEW, designed to help engineering students learn the basic concepts of analogue-to-digital conversion, such as quantization and sampling. The course was taken by Electrical and Computer Engineering students at the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto. A broader aim of this pedagogical experiment was to increase the students’ motivation and to increase their learning effectiveness.

Tomáš Sysala, Petr Dostál, Petr Bláha
THE MEASURING, MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR THE REAL MODEL IN EDUCATION

This paper is focused on education in the field Measurement and control of technological processes. In one part of this field students obtain theoretical knowledge in an application of commercial systems for measurement, visualisation and control of technological processes. The data are measured by a programmable controller (PLC) and as the superior systems the system InTouch, Wizcon and ContolWeb2000 were used. All systems were tested on the real equipment. The programmable controller controls the surface of two communicating vessels and at the same time is a data source for master applications that are designed for the systems InTouch, Wizcon and ContolWeb2000.

C. De Lazzari, M. Darowski, E. D'Avino, F. Clemente, R. Mimmo, M. Guaragno, G. Tosti, G. Ferrari, A. Menichetti
IN VIVO AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDIES ON HAEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS AND CARDIOPULMONARY INTERACTION

In the paper the results of clinical and simulation studies on main haemodynamic parameters were compared. Cardiac output, arterial, atrial and venous pressures were measured in vascular patients during spontaneous breathing and artificial ventilation. Computer simulator was used to model a human cardiovascular system and calculate values of haemodynamic parameters in steady states. Changing intrathoracic pressure, from negative to positive values simulated cardiopulmonary interaction during spontaneous breathing and controlled ventilation. The results of the studies presented in the paper proved that numerical simulation is a very suitable and reliable tool to predict trends of haemodynamic parameters changes. Also the potential influence of mechanical ventilatory support on these parameters may by analysed before application of less or more positive airway pressure. It is an important contribution to the safety and efficacy of ventilatory support in these patients in which high intrathoracic pressure may cause a dramatic drop of cardiac output, venous return and arterial pressure.

Shigeru Takayama, Satoshi Miyajima, Eiji Yoneda, Komyo Kariya
EDUCATIONAL TOOL FOR MEASUREMENT ENGINEERING BY VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT

Virtual instrument is the system to operate the task of measurement, data processing, monitoring and system control on one virtual platform. The remarkable characteristics are on the integration and the flexible customization. Therefore, the virtual instrument has been used by researchers and engineers as a professional engineering tool. However, by using various features of virtual world, the virtual instrument is utilized as an educational tool for students to learn measurement principle, measuring object, operation method of system and various topics concerning to the measuring. By using at experiments in education, it is expected that the learning through virtual instrument enhances intuition and motivation of students to measurement engineering. This paper describes the construction and characteristics of the educational tool by virtual instrument.

Matteo Bertocco, Sandro Cappellazzo, Claudio Narduzzi
A MULTI-THREAD VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT FOR INTENSIVE SPECTRUM ANALYSER TRAINING

The scanning spectrum analyser is a particularly complex instrument, which requires careful understanding of its operating principles and a good deal of training to be employed properly. In this paper the development of a spectrum analyser virtual instrument, that can be offered as intensive self-study laboratory exercises, is presented.

Luciana A. Almeida, Maurício N. Frota, Maria Helena A. Frota
METROLOGY EDUCATION AND CITIZENSHIP: THE BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE

The XVII IMEKO World Congress presents a paper on Metrology Education and Citizenship that describes Brazilian experiences with metrology education at all academic levels. Based on a Master’s Degree dissertation entitled METROLOGY: A TOOL FOR CITIZENSHIP recently presented at the Pontifical Catholic University in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, it analyses education and legislation in Metrology, among other related issues, while addressing the Brazilian experience with metrology education. This study argues that the sooner metrological concepts embody cultural patterns of human behaviour the faster civilization will reach the desirable stage of democracy, as metering and measuring may be considered effective ways of ensuring fair shares and equitable access to human rights in this new historical era, where Humankind and the Quality of Life emerge as true parameters for assessing social, economic, political or industrial development. In order to verify the extent to which Brazilian society is committed to this new social order, two factors were considered: education and legal documentation. Legal documents were analyzed on the assumption that the law is the main driving force underpinning democratic living conditions. The following aspects were taken into consideration: Brazil’s 1988 Constitution (known at the time it was promulgated as the Citizenship Constitution); the Brazilian Consumer Protection and Defence Code; and Metrology Regulations. In terms of Education, the historical path of Metrology is analyzed within the framework of formal education in Brazil, providing input for private and public policies addressing this sector. Special attention is paid to (i) an analysis of post-graduate programmes in Metrology within the overall context of post-graduation education in Brazil; (ii) educational policies and other political actions consolidating Metrology as an efficient ally for democracy and citizenship. Attention was also given to the influence of major industrial landmarks on Brazil’s competitiveness, in order to understand forces with positive effects on the social changes required to guarantee the quality of life and citizens’ rights as crucial living conditions for humankind.

P. Aebli, A. Kaufmann, K. Ruhm
BUILDING A WEB-BASED KNOWLEDGE AND LEARNING HOME FOR MEASUREMENT SCIENCES

E-Learning and web-based training are present-day topics in education. So far this has been less the case in the fields of measurement sciences and technologies, even though there is an increasing need for a stock of basic knowledge and expertise. The following project aims at this target. There are two key aspects in this context: 1. Structuring of knowledge and methods in the field, leading via a sophisticated knowledge network to a multidimensional knowledge matrix. 2. Organization and standardization of all activities in the process on the teaching side as well as on the learning side. The realization of these aspects must be done by means of workflows within the knowledge management system. Those workflows should be automatized as far as possible. The authoring workflow is the most important one.

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